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The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context
Mrklasová, Marta ; Vavrečka, Jan (advisor) ; Grmelová, Nicole (referee)
The diploma thesis regarding The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context was created in order to map the legal regulations of mandatory vaccination in the Czech Republic and to describe the repressions of unvaccinated children in the Czech Republic and in other member states of the European Union. Part of the thesis consists of a jurisprudence research of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union related to the field of mandatory vaccination. Special focus is given to the comparison of the number of mandatory vaccinations in the member states of European Union as well as to the comparison of their legislations. The fundamental question reflected in the diploma thesis is the one of the human rights of individuals guaranteed by the European Union, international conventions and national legislations of the states and the possibility for them to be limited in order to protect the public health. In the thesis, there are listed and described the human rights affected by the whole concept of vaccination and also the conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to allow the human rights to be restricted. For this purpose the cases from legal practise serve as a support. In addition, there is a chapter regarding the promotion of newly developed vaccines for voluntary vaccinations, which reveals the marketing tools used for this purpose. For a better understanding of the field of mandatory vaccination, there is included a chapter titled The Insight of Expertise Necessary for the Interpretation and Application of Law. This chapter completes the aspects of mandatory vaccination from the medical point of view, lists the mandatory vaccinations in the Czech Republic and member states of the European Union and the vaccines used for performing the vaccinations. Keywords: human rights, mandatory vaccination, jurisprudence of The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union, repressions of unvaccinated children
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Consumer protection within the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Rázlová, Aneta ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Neděla, Radek (referee)
The term "average consumer" is relatively new and unknown. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the development of the concept and its usage within the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. I deal with definition of basic Czech terms as well as European terms in the first part of the thesis. Then I explain work and tasks of European courts. In the second part of the thesis I outline the most important cases which have changed the view of consumer and his behavior and perception during almost 40 years. This development through the case law has led to the creation of a new special term "average consumer". It is shown how this term is used in the area of consumer protection or protection of competition in the thesis.
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Dual citizenship in EU Court of Justice cases
Pohanková, Martina ; Neděla, Radek (advisor) ; Grmelová, Nicole (referee)
The object of this thesis is citizenship, especially dual citizenship. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one deals with an introduction to citizenship. It aims to the ways of acquiring and losing the citizenship in general as well as the Czech citizenship and to the question, whether the Czech Republic allows dual citizenship or not. The second chapter explains the citizenship of the European Union and its developing legal form. The final chapter contains cases of the EU Court of Justice that are related to the dual citizenship. Thanks to the cases we can picture the position of the dual citizens within the member states of the European Union. That is the main aim of the thesis.
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Public authorities in the case law of the European Court of Justice
Mrňák, Petr ; Svátková, Slavomíra (advisor) ; Zídková, Hana (referee)
In my thesis I analyzed the characteristics of the legal concepts of bodies governed by public law and the activities in which they engage as public authorities, as used by law (both European and national) governing value added tax. I also analyzed the case law of the European Court of Justice relating to the issue of the bodies governed by public law and the activities in which they engage as public authorities in terms of value added tax. The characteristics of the concepts have been evaluated and sorted logically. In a separate part I examined the bodies governed by public law and their activities from an economic point of view. I have pondered whether it is necessary that these entities have a special position in the system of value added tax.
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